Participation

Since the beginning of the survey, 688 Black caregivers have participated in RAPID.

Demographics

Age

Income

Income is presented in thousands of dollars per year.

p-values adjusted for multiple comparisons using a Holm correction
income.cat statistic p.value
< 20k 112.40 < .001
20k-40k 4.65 .093
40k-60k 0.62 .859
60k-80k 5.19 .091
80k-100k 18.68 < .001
100k-150k 15.53 < .001
150k-200k 7.03 .040
200k+ 0.23 .859

Poverty

p-values adjusted for multiple comparisons using a Holm correction
poverty_cat statistic p.value
Above 1.5 x FPL 48.58 < .001
Below 1.5 x FPL 48.58 < .001

Employment

Employment change

p-values adjusted for multiple comparisons using a Holm correction
employment_change statistic p.value
Became Employed 6.60 .041
Became Unemployed 2.57 .159
Stable Employed 3.74 .159
Stable Other 44.09 < .001
Stable Unemployed 3.61 .159

Race

Ethnicity

p-values adjusted for multiple comparisons using a Holm correction
latinx_cat statistic p.value
non-Latinx 51.54 < .001
Latinx 51.54 < .001

Single parent households

p-values adjusted for multiple comparisons using a Holm correction
single_cat statistic p.value
Dual parent 223.68 < .001
Single parent 223.68 < .001

Mental health (raw scores)

Caregiver

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-5.12 38.03 43.15 -4.94 < .001 822.54 -7.15 -3.08 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Correlates of

Test

Significance of linear model using variable to predict mental health within Black caregivers
Variable Within group Difference between group and sample
material_hardship < .001 < .001
work_status .539 .019
single .094 < .001
age .104 .021
income.cat .460 < .001
poverty_cat .195 .008

Figures (within sample)

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## [[1]]$material_hardship

Figures (between sample)

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Anxiety

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-6.67 33.77 40.44 -5.36 < .001 839.89 -9.11 -4.23 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Depression

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-0.88 28.43 29.3 -0.75 .454 824.78 -3.18 1.43 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Stress

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-6.33 48.44 54.77 -4.65 < .001 822.37 -9.01 -3.66 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Loneliness

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-6.51 41.59 48.11 -5.51 < .001 813.01 -8.83 -4.19 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Child

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-5.09 34.15 39.24 -4.42 < .001 834.99 -7.36 -2.83 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Fussy

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-7.69 44.23 51.91 -5.49 < .001 821.87 -10.43 -4.94 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Fear

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-2.49 24.05 26.54 -1.89 .059 841.02 -5.07 0.09 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Mental health (change scores)

Caregiver

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-3.93 8.58 12.51 -4.44 < .001 805.73 -5.67 -2.19 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Correlates of

Test

Significance of linear model using variable to predict mental health within Black caregivers
Variable Within group Difference between group and sample
material_hardship < .001 < .001
work_status .140 .019
single .339 < .001
age .352 .021
income.cat .594 < .001
poverty_cat .429 .008

Figures (within sample)

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## [[1]]$material_hardship

Figures (between sample)

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Anxiety

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-4.02 7.32 11.34 -3.45 .001 815.25 -6.31 -1.73 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Depression

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-2.78 6.95 9.73 -2.71 .007 806.76 -4.79 -0.77 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Stress

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-3.53 13.12 16.65 -2.62 .009 807.07 -6.17 -0.89 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Loneliness

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-3.53 13.12 16.65 -2.62 .009 807.07 -6.17 -0.89 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Child

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-3.11 7.87 10.98 -2.95 .003 825.75 -5.17 -1.04 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Fussy

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-5.15 8.25 13.39 -3.88 < .001 823.76 -7.75 -2.54 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Fear

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-1.31 7.26 8.56 -1.05 .293 811.35 -3.75 1.13 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Material hardship

Overall

Types of hardship

t-tests comparing hardship across groups. p-values adjusted for multiple comparisons using a Holm correction.
category difference statistic p.value df
food 0.1214477 5.1670358 < .001 543.7254
house 0.1121552 4.7747413 < .001 548.6201
utilities 0.1281274 5.5911578 < .001 611.7261
healthcare 0.0273766 1.2920943 .197 402.7063
social 0.0050690 0.2510429 .802 394.6924
emotional 0.0339923 1.5712518 .117 409.0120
childcare 0.0990851 4.4199113 < .001 416.8666
other 0.0285432 1.8627254 .063 344.6663

By Week

Childcare

On average

Type of childcare (average)

Type of childcare (over time)

By week

Discrimination

Concerns for children (average)

Concerns for children (over time)

Caregiver well-being

The relationship between well-being and concerns for children is significantly different for Black caregivers

Child well-being

The relationship between child well-being and concerns for children is significantly different for Black caregivers

Discrimination (average)

Discrimination (over time)

Caregiver well-being

The relationship between well-being and discrimination for children is NOT significantly different for Black caregivers

Child well-being

The relationship between child well-being and discrimination for children is NOT significantly different for Black caregivers